The present study examined the acquisition of anaphora in English by Iranian EFL learners as well as Persian speaking children. To do so, the study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, 40 intermediate female and male EFL learners were selected from Puyan Institute in Takestan, Iran. Then, an off-line based Grammatical Judgment Task was administered. In the second phase, 40 female ...

The question of subjecthood has dogged linguistic science since ancient times. However, in current versions of Minimalism, subjects do not have primitive status and can only be defined in derived terms. However, subjects and the broader theoretical notion of SUBJECT remain important in linguistic description. This paper develops a definition of SUBJECTHOOD in terms of set-theoretic notions of F...

We tested whether comprehenders can use Binding Principle B (Chomsky, 1981) to guide antecedent search during the processing of cataphoric pronouns. ran two self-paced reading experiments using gender mismatch paradigm (van Gompel & Liversedge, 2003) as an index active prediction coreference between a cataphor and main clause subject. In both experiments, we find effects at subject when with is...

We present a type-logical account of anaphora. The principal means is the introduction of type-constructors for`secondary wrap': wrap around the second of two split points in a discontinuous string. We illustrate in terms of preevaluated proof nets, proof nets in which lexico-syntactic interaction is computed in a lexical compilation rather than at the stage of derivation. We suggest that the a...

Chomsky (2000, 2001) proposes a theory of AGREE which eliminates ‘featuremovement’ entirely in feature-checking, elaborating ATTRACT of Chomsky (1995). Whereas the theory of AGREE brings a number of conceptual advantages over ATTRACT, it also poses a new challenge. Specifically the proposed mechanism of AGREE cannot deal with covert multiple featurechecking (i.e. multiple AGREE without MOVE) un...

Principle C (Chomsky, 1981) states that referring expressions cannot be bound in any domain. Previous research has held up Thai as an example of a Principle Cless language because R-expression can receive bound readings. However, I argue that full DPs in Thai cannot be bound just as they cannot be bound in English. Apparent violations of Principle C arise when expressions with phonological form...

This article addresses the syntax of the notorious tough(-movement) construction (TC) in English. TCs exhibit a range of apparently contradictory empirical properties suggesting that their derivation involves the application of both A-movement and A-movement operations. Given that within previous Principles and Parameters models TCs have remained “unexplained and in principle unexplainable” (Ho...

The current study identifies locality as a near-universal property of phonological input-output mappings that describe processes with local triggers and presents a learning algorithm which uses locality as an inductive principle to generalize such mappings from finite data. Input-output (or UR-SR) mappings like the one in (1) are integral to both the rewrite rules of Sound Pattern of English (C...